In this week I will write about an acid that is released when our muscles are without the presence of oxygen. This acid is called Lactic acid, is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white, water-soluble solid or clear liquid that is produced broth naturally and synthetically. With a hydroxyl group, lactic acid is classified as an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA). In the form of its conjugate base called lactate, it plays a role in several biochemical processes. The lactid acid system is able of releasing energy to resynthesize ATP without the involvement of oxygen and is called anaerobic glycolysis.
Glycolysis (breakdown of carbohydrates) produces the formation of pyruvic acid and hydrogen ions. The pyruvic acid molecules undergo oxidation in the mitochondrion and the Krebs cycle begins. A build up of H+ will make the muscle cells acidic and interfere with their operation so carrier molecules, called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), remove the H+. The NAD+ is reduced to NADH that deposit the H+ at the electron transport gate (ETC) in the mitochondria to be combined with oxygen to form water. Furthermore, if there is insufficient oxygen then NADH cannot release the H+ and they build up in the cell.
To avoid the rise in acidity pyruvic acid accepts H+ to produces lactic acid that then is dissociates into lactate and H+. Some of the lactate is diffuses in the blood stream and takes some hydrogen ions with it as a way of reducing the H+ concentration in the muscle cell. Our muscle cells normally have a pH of 7.1 but if the build up of H+ continues and pH is reduced to around 6.5 then muscle contraction may be impaired and the low pH will pain (the burn). This point is often measured as the lactic threshold or anaerobic threshold (AT) or onset of blood lactate accumalation (OBLA).
To avoid the rise in acidity pyruvic acid accepts H+ to produces lactic acid that then is dissociates into lactate and H+. Some of the lactate is diffuses in the blood stream and takes some hydrogen ions with it as a way of reducing the H+ concentration in the muscle cell. Our muscle cells normally have a pH of 7.1 but if the build up of H+ continues and pH is reduced to around 6.5 then muscle contraction may be impaired and the low pH will pain (the burn). This point is often measured as the lactic threshold or anaerobic threshold (AT) or onset of blood lactate accumalation (OBLA).
How the lactic acid works in our body: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaRsOjfEHyM
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